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Software-based panels reduce the entire process time down to weeks. For larger fleets, this is a lengthy effort and necessitates running mixed operations (with both the old and new configurations) for a considerable period of time. Design modifications must be laid out and wiring and panels modified in the field or replaced entirely. With traditional hardware-based HMI devices, changes to applications in the field can take years to deploy. Oftentimes, systems are changed after they have been placed in service. Beyond the upfront material cost improvements, the design flexibility provides for relatively easy modifications. Life-cycle costs are also impacted in other ways. Together, this makes the initial hardware deployment much less costly. Utilizing a software-driven display allows for a standardized hardware approach while decoupling functionality from hardware. Deployments are sometimes a project-specific application with – for example – screen masks being custom silkscreened for each customer or application. The older style HMIs contain many subcomponents – all of which must be wired together, often by hand. While this evolution has an obvious aesthetic appeal, the primary advantages of migrating to software-driven devices boil down to lower life-cycle costs and additional functional capabilities.

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In the rest of the world, however, train control human machine interfaces (HMIs) have changed significantly in the past years, with many systems transitioning to TFT screens with buttons and, more recently, full touch screen technology like ones used on smart phones.

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Many are still being installed with toggle switches, manual push buttons and light arrays in trains across North America.

In the past 20 years, there has not been significant technological change in these devices. Different suppliers and systems use various names for such devices such as aspect display unit (ADU) or cab display unit (CDU).

Train control systems interface to operators via a device which communicates signal aspects, speeds and provide various system information in texts and graphics.

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